Meniere’s disease is a dysfunction of the inner ear, which can cause hearing loss and vestibular symptoms.
XNUMX. Symptoms
A feeling of fullness in the ears at the beginning of the typical onset experience,Hearing loss and tinnitus, followed by rotational dizziness, postural imbalance, nystagmus, nausea, and vomiting in the next few minutes.Severe dizziness lasts from 30min-24h.The severity of this symptom will gradually attenuate, and the patient can usually move around within 72 hours.Some instability can last for a few days or weeks, and then return to a state of balance.
Hearing gradually improves during the recovery period, and can return to the level before the attack, or there is permanent sensorineural hearing loss, usually low-frequency hearing loss.The rare transient hearing improvement during the episode is the so-called Lermoyez phenomenon.
Tinnitus usually decreases with hearing recovery.As the disease progresses, hearing cannot be recovered after repeated attacks, and the frequency and severity of vertigo symptoms can gradually decrease after many years.Some patients may fall suddenly without any warning. This can occur in the late stage of the disease, that is, Tumarkin’s positional sand crisis. It should be distinguished from other types of sudden falls.
The typical manifestations of Meniere’s disease are sometimes incomplete, such as vestibular symptoms and ear fullness, it is called vestibular Meniere
Disease; or if there are only cochlear symptoms and ear fullness, it is called cochlear Meniere’s disease. http://www.jhhearingaids.com
该病男女发病率大致相等，通常在40-60岁发病。然而，有报道6岁儿童患有典型的梅尼埃病。此病的患者约15%有血缘关系，提示有遗传因素。双侧受累的发生率为33%-50%。
XNUMX. Causes:
The basis for the development of Meniere’s disease is membrane labyrinth hydrops.However, it is still unclear whether membrane labyrinth hydrops is the cause of Meniere’s disease or the pathological manifestations of the disease.
XNUMX. Diagnosis:
Effective diagnostic tests include audiogram and ENG.
A typical audiogram shows bilateral low-frequency sensorineural hearing lossLost.
Frequent fluctuating hearing loss is common, and the hearing loss worsens after a longer duration of the disease.
Cold and heat test ENG can show unilateral vestibuleDecreased function.
It may also be accompanied by symptoms such as ear fullness, hearing loss, and tinnitus.An electrocochleogram can help diagnose unclear cases.
If it is found in the suspicious side ear and the potential is increased, it can be diagnosed with membranous labyrinth.
Routine hearing test shows that the lesions of the cochlea should be tested for brainstem auditory evoked response (BEAR) to screen the cochlear nerve or brainDry lesions.If BEAR is found to be positive, enhanced MRI is required to assess CNR lesions or the eighth pair of cerebral nerve blood cellstumor.
Excerpt from “Vestibular Rehabilitation-Diagnosis and Treatment of Vestibular System Diseases (Z version)/(United States) Hedman} Susan J. Herdman; translated by Wang Ergui and Hao Ziming. Beijing: People’s Military Medical Press, 2004. 7
